Deep vs. Shallow Agents in a Nutshell
Shallow agents are basically LLMs on autopilot, looping through tool calls but quickly getting stuck on anything that needs real planning or a longer horizon. Deep agents, by contrast, layer in actual planning and execution capabilities so they can dive into topics, map out multi-step goals, and stay on track across complex tasks.
You’ve already seen this shift show up in heavy-duty research (think OpenAI’s Deep Research) and coding assistants (like Claude Code and Manus), where deep dives and sustained workflows are now non-negotiable.
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